主谓一致复习导学案

主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.

可分为:语法一致, 意义一致, 就近一致.

一．         语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用________,主语为复数,谓语也用_______.

注意事项:

1.单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用_________. 如:

 Air as well as water is matter.    空气和水都是物质.

 No one except two servants was late for the dinner.  除了 两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐

2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用________, 否则用_________. 如:

The poet and writer has come.     那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.   锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)

用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

3.不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用_________. 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

为人民服务是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了.

4.用and连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用___________.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.  每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.  没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.  每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙.

5.each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用_______. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用________.如:

Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说

6.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数. 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.     许多男生都喜欢打篮球.

More than one student was late.     不只一个学生迟到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们.

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用_____, 也可用_______; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作______,因而谓语动词要用________. 如:

 None of us are (is) perfect.   人无完人.

 None of this worries me.   这事一点不使我着急.

8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用________. 如:  His clothes are good.

但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用_______.如:

  A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜.

9.形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, maths; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights <天方夜谈>; 以及The United N

10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点.

二． 意义一致原则:

1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于________.如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.    剩下的自行车, 今天出售.

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了.

Most of the apples were rotten.       大部分的苹果都是烂的.

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.  这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于___________.如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived.  一小部分教科书已运到.

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.  这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了.

3. 加减乘除用_______.如:

     Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10.

     Five plus ten is/are fifteen.

4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用______.如:

Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离.

5.(1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:   The British police have only very limited powers.

(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括clothing, luggage 等.

  (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 government, family, group, party, team, public 等.如:

   His family is a happy one.

   His family are all watching TV.

6. “the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用____.如:

The injured were saved after the fire.

7. “the +姓氏+s”表示一家人或夫妇二人，作主语时, 谓语动词用_______.如:

   The Greens are leaving for Beijing next week.

三．就近原则

1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.  给你一支钢笔和几张纸

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?

你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?

2.用连词or, either.... or, neither…nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. 如:

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都不知道这事.

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