一般过去时与过去完成时

标签：英语课堂用语,小学英语课堂游戏, 一般过去时与过去完成时,http://www.dbk123.com
一般过去时与过去完成时的 11 个测试点   一般过去时与过去完成时都可表示过去的动作或状态，它们既有联系又有区别，极易混淆。 1. 表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算，用过去完成时。常用的动词有 intend , mean , hope , expect , suppose , think , want 等。 I had meant to call on you , but was prevented from doing so . 我本打算给你打电话，但被其它事给耽搁了。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来打算能来看望你。 They had wanted to help her but couldn’t get there in time . 他们本想帮她的忙，却没有及时赶到那里。过去完成时的这种用法也可以换为： Had + hoped ( … ) = hoped + to + have + done I had wanted to see you , but found you were out . = I wanted to have seen you , but found you were out . 2. 在由 told , said , knew , heard , thought 等动词后的宾语从句中常用过去完成时。 She said she had never been to Paris . 3. 注意在句型 hardly … when , no sooner … than 的主句中用过去完成时。当 hardly 和 no sooner 谓语句首时主句要用倒装结构。 She had hardly sat down when she heard her name called by the monitor . = Hardly had she sat down when she heard her name called by the teacher . 4. 表达过去两个动作如第一个动作完成后才能引起第二个动作，则第一个动作用过去完成时，第二个用一般过去时。 When he had drunk all the wine , he left his house . When he reached home , he found his house had been broken into and lot of things stolen . 5. 若句中有表示过去的时间时，在由 had rather ； I wish 后的宾语从句中用过去完成时。 I would rather you had told me the truth last time . 我宁愿你上次把实话告诉我。 She wished she had been there yesterday . ( 事实是： She wasn’t there) 6. 在与过去相反的虚拟语气中，条件句用过去完成时。特别要注意该结构省略 if 后的倒装结构。 If John had studied hard last term , he would have made great progress . Had he known that you were busy last week , he wouldn’t have given you so much trouble . 7. 在过去某时之前的继续动作，表示某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间，则用过去完成时，并与   for , since 等词连用。 He had been ill for a week when he was went to the hospital . 他被送医院时已病了一星期了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1984 . 他说他从 1984 年以来 一直在那家工厂工作。 8. 两个或两个以上的动作，用 and , then 或 but 等连接，按照动作发生的顺序表达时，用一般过去时，表示过去发生的连续的动作。 The man got up , put on his cap and went away . 那人站了起来，戴上帽子走了。 I lost the hat which I had bought . 9. 过去完成时以过去某时间为起点，表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。也就是，过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。一般过去时以现在时间为起点，表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 He died three years ago . 他三年前死了。 The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . 我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。 We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term . 到上学期末我们已学了 1000 个英语单词。 10. 在间接引语中，以过去完成时代替直接引语中的一般过去时和现在完成时。但是如果叙述的是历史事实时，只用一般过去时，不用过去完成时。 She said that she had seen the film . 她说她已看过这个电影。 He asked me whether I had done it the night before . 他问我昨天是否做了那件事。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered ( 不用 had discovered) America in 1492 . 我们老师告诉我们哥伦布是 1492 年发现美洲的。 11.   由 before , after , as soon as 等引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已表示出时间的先后比较紧凑，所以可用过去时来代替过去完成时。 After he closed the door , he left the house . 他关上门，离开了屋子。 We (had ) arrived home before it rained . 下雨前我们到家了。 试比较下列两句的时态：① The train started just before we reached the station . ② The train had gone when we arrived the station . 另外，常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 already , still , yet , just , ever , never , hardly , scarcely 以及由 by , before ,

www.dbk123.com since , for ,after , until , as soon as 等构成的短语或从句。常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有： yesterday , last night , then , at that time , just now , a few days ago, in 1960 , once upon a time 以及由   when , while , after , before 等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句

，一般过去时与过去完成时